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1、安(an)全接地 安(an)全接地行將高壓設(she)備(bei)的(de)外殼(ke)(ke)與大(da)地銜接。一是(shi)避免機殼(ke)(ke)上(shang)堆集電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，發生靜(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)而危及設(she)備(bei)和人身安(an)全，例(li)(li)如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)腦機箱(xiang)的(de)接地，油(you)罐(guan)車那根拖在地上(shang)的(de)尾巴，都是(shi)為了(le)使積累在一同的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷開釋，避免呈現事(shi)端；二是(shi)當(dang)設(she)備(bei)的(de)絕緣(yuan)損壞而使機殼(ke)(ke)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，促進電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)維護(hu)動作而堵(du)截電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，以便(bian)維護(hu)作業人員的(de)安(an)全，例(li)(li)如(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)冰(bing)箱(xiang)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)飯煲的(de)外殼(ke)(ke)。三是(shi)能(neng)夠(gou)屏(ping)蔽設(she)備(bei)巨大(da)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)，起到維護(hu)作用(yong)，例(li)(li)如(ru)民用(yong)變(bian)壓器的(de)防護(hu)欄(lan)。

2、防雷接(jie)(jie)地(di) 當電力(li)電子設(she)備遇雷擊時，不論是直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)雷擊仍是感應雷擊，假如缺少相應的(de)維護，電力(li)電子設(she)備都(dou)將遭(zao)到很大(da)危害(hai)乃至(zhi)作廢。為避免雷擊，咱們一般在(zai)高(gao)處（例(li)如房頂、煙囪頂部）設(she)置避雷針與大(da)地(di)相連，以防雷擊時危及(ji)設(she)備和人(ren)員安全。安全接(jie)(jie)地(di)與防雷接(jie)(jie)地(di)都(dou)是為了(le)給(gei)電子電力(li)設(she)備或許人(ren)員供給(gei)安全的(de)防護辦法，用來維護設(she)備及(ji)人(ren)員的(de)安全。

3、作(zuo)業(ye)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di) 作(zuo)業(ye)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)是為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)正常(chang)作(zuo)業(ye)而(er)(er)(er)(er)供給的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個基(ji)(ji)準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位。這(zhe)個基(ji)(ji)準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位一(yi)(yi)般設(she)定為(wei)(wei)零(ling)。該基(ji)(ji)準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位能(neng)夠(gou)設(she)為(wei)(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)系中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)某一(yi)(yi)點、某一(yi)(yi)段或(huo)某一(yi)(yi)塊等。當該基(ji)(ji)準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)與大(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)銜接(jie)(jie)時(shi)(shi)，視(shi)為(wei)(wei)相對的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位。但(dan)這(zhe)種(zhong)相對的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位是不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安穩的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，它會(hui)跟著外界(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)(bian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)(bian)，使(shi)(shi)體(ti)系的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參數(shu)(shu)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)(bian)，然后導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)體(ti)系作(zuo)業(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)安穩。當該基(ji)(ji)準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位與大(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)銜接(jie)(jie)時(shi)(shi)，基(ji)(ji)準電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位視(shi)為(wei)(wei)大(da)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)零(ling)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位，而(er)(er)(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)會(hui)跟著外界(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁場的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)(bian)而(er)(er)(er)(er)改(gai)(gai)變(bian)(bian)。可是不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)業(ye)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)反而(er)(er)(er)(er)會(hui)添(tian)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)攪擾(rao)(rao)。比方接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)址不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)正確引起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)攪擾(rao)(rao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)同(tong)端沒有正確銜接(jie)(jie)而(er)(er)(er)(er)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)攪擾(rao)(rao)。為(wei)(wei)了有用控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)在(zai)(zai)作(zuo)業(ye)中(zhong)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)各種(zhong)攪擾(rao)(rao)，使(shi)(shi)之能(neng)契合電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁兼容準則(ze)。咱們在(zai)(zai)規劃電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)時(shi)(shi)，依據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性質，能(neng)夠(gou)將作(zuo)業(ye)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)分(fen)以下為(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品種(zhong)，比方直流地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、溝通地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、數(shu)(shu)字地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、模仿地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、信(xin)號地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、功率(lv)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)等。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)應當別離設(she)置。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)要在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)里邊將它們混合設(she)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)同(tong)，例如數(shu)(shu)字地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)和模仿地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)就不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)共(gong)一(yi)(yi)根地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)線，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)然兩種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)將發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)十(shi)分(fen)強(qiang)壯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)攪擾(rao)(rao)，使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)墮入癱(tan)瘓！

4、信(xin)(xin)號(hao)地(di)   信(xin)(xin)號(hao)地(di)是各種物理量信(xin)(xin)號(hao)源零電位的(de)公共(gong)基(ji)準地(di)線(xian)。因為信(xin)(xin)號(hao)一(yi)般都較(jiao)弱，易受攪擾(rao)，不合理得接地(di)會(hui)使電路發生攪擾(rao)，因而對信(xin)(xin)號(hao)地(di)的(de)要(yao)求較(jiao)高。

5、模(mo)(mo)仿(fang)地(di)(di) 模(mo)(mo)仿(fang)地(di)(di)是(shi)模(mo)(mo)仿(fang)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)零(ling)電(dian)(dian)位的公(gong)共基準地(di)(di)線。模(mo)(mo)仿(fang)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)小信號擴大電(dian)(dian)路(lu)，多級(ji)擴大，整流電(dian)(dian)路(lu)，穩壓電(dian)(dian)路(lu)等等，不適當的接地(di)(di)會引(yin)起(qi)攪擾，影響電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的正常(chang)(chang)作(zuo)業(ye)。模(mo)(mo)仿(fang)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)的接地(di)(di)對整個電(dian)(dian)路(lu)來說有(you)很大的含義，它是(shi)整電(dian)(dian)路(lu)正常(chang)(chang)作(zuo)業(ye)的根底之(zhi)一。所以模(mo)(mo)仿(fang)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)合理的接地(di)(di)對整個電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的作(zuo)用不行忽視。

6、數字地(di) 數字地(di)是數字電(dian)(dian)路(lu)零電(dian)(dian)位的(de)公(gong)共基準地(di)線(xian)(xian)。因為數字電(dian)(dian)路(lu)作業在脈沖(chong)(chong)狀(zhuang)況，特別是脈沖(chong)(chong)的(de)前后沿較陡或(huo)頻(pin)率較高(gao)時，會發(fa)生很多的(de)電(dian)(dian)磁波攪(jiao)擾(rao)(rao)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)。假如接(jie)地(di)不(bu)合理，會使攪(jiao)擾(rao)(rao)加重，所以(yi)對數字地(di)的(de)接(jie)地(di)址(zhi)挑選(xuan)和接(jie)地(di)線(xian)(xian)的(de)敷設(she)也要充分考慮。

7、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)零電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位的(de)(de)公共基(ji)準地線。因為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)往往一(yi)(yi)起供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)給(gei)體系中的(de)(de)各個單(dan)元，而各個單(dan)元要求的(de)(de)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性質和參數可能(neng)有很大不(bu)同(tong)，因而既要確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)安(an)穩(wen)牢靠的(de)(de)作(zuo)業，又要確保其(qi)它單(dan)元安(an)穩(wen)牢靠的(de)(de)作(zuo)業。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)地一(yi)(yi)般是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)負極。

8、功(gong)率(lv)地(di) 功(gong)率(lv)地(di)是負載電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)或功(gong)率(lv)驅(qu)(qu)動電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的零電(dian)(dian)位的公(gong)共基準(zhun)地(di)線(xian)。因為負載電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)或功(gong)率(lv)驅(qu)(qu)動電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)的電(dian)(dian)流較強、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較高，假如接地(di)的地(di)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)阻較大，會發(fa)生明顯的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降而發(fa)生較大的攪擾(rao)，所以(yi)功(gong)率(lv)地(di)線(xian)上的攪擾(rao)較大。因而功(gong)率(lv)地(di)有必要與其它(ta)弱電(dian)(dian)地(di)別(bie)離設(she)置，以(yi)確保整個體系安穩牢(lao)靠的作業。　　　　　

屏(ping)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)與(yu)(yu)接地應當合作運用(yong)(yong)，才(cai)干起到(dao)杰出(chu)的(de)屏(ping)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)作用(yong)(yong)。首要是為(wei)了(le)考慮電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)兼容(rong)，典型的(de)兩種屏(ping)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)是靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)屏(ping)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)與(yu)(yu)交變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場屏(ping)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)。 靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)屏(ping)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)：當用(yong)(yong)完好的(de)金(jin)屬(shu)屏(ping)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)體(ti)將(jiang)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導體(ti)包圍起來，在屏(ping)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)體(ti)的(de)內側將(jiang)感(gan)應出(chu)與(yu)(yu)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導體(ti)等量(liang)異種的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，外側呈現與(yu)(yu)帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導體(ti)等量(liang)的(de)同種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，因而外側仍有電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場存在。假如(ru)將(jiang)金(jin)屬(shu)屏(ping)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)體(ti)接地，外側的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)將(jiang)流入大地，金(jin)屬(shu)殼外側將(jiang)不會(hui)存在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場，相當于殼內帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場被屏(ping)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)起來了(le)。