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1、安(an)全接(jie)地(di)(di) 安(an)全接(jie)地(di)(di)行將高壓(ya)(ya)設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)殼(ke)與(yu)大地(di)(di)銜接(jie)。一是(shi)(shi)避免(mian)機(ji)殼(ke)上堆集電(dian)荷，發生(sheng)靜(jing)電(dian)放(fang)電(dian)而危及(ji)設備(bei)和人(ren)身安(an)全，例如電(dian)腦機(ji)箱的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)地(di)(di)，油(you)罐(guan)車那根拖(tuo)在地(di)(di)上的(de)(de)(de)尾巴，都是(shi)(shi)為了使積累在一同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)荷開釋，避免(mian)呈現事端；二是(shi)(shi)當設備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)絕緣損壞而使機(ji)殼(ke)帶電(dian)時，促(cu)進電(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)維(wei)(wei)護動作(zuo)而堵截電(dian)源，以(yi)便(bian)維(wei)(wei)護作(zuo)業人(ren)員的(de)(de)(de)安(an)全，例如電(dian)冰箱、電(dian)飯(fan)煲的(de)(de)(de)外(wai)殼(ke)。三是(shi)(shi)能夠屏蔽設備(bei)巨大的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)場(chang)，起(qi)到維(wei)(wei)護作(zuo)用(yong)，例如民(min)用(yong)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)護欄。

2、防(fang)雷(lei)接(jie)地(di) 當(dang)電(dian)力(li)電(dian)子(zi)設(she)(she)備(bei)遇雷(lei)擊(ji)時，不論(lun)是(shi)直接(jie)雷(lei)擊(ji)仍是(shi)感應雷(lei)擊(ji)，假如缺(que)少相應的維護，電(dian)力(li)電(dian)子(zi)設(she)(she)備(bei)都將遭到很大危(wei)害(hai)乃(nai)至作廢。為避免雷(lei)擊(ji)，咱們(men)一般在高處(chu)（例(li)如房頂、煙(yan)囪(cong)頂部）設(she)(she)置(zhi)避雷(lei)針(zhen)與大地(di)相連，以防(fang)雷(lei)擊(ji)時危(wei)及設(she)(she)備(bei)和人員安(an)全(quan)。安(an)全(quan)接(jie)地(di)與防(fang)雷(lei)接(jie)地(di)都是(shi)為了給電(dian)子(zi)電(dian)力(li)設(she)(she)備(bei)或許人員供(gong)給安(an)全(quan)的防(fang)護辦法，用來維護設(she)(she)備(bei)及人員的安(an)全(quan)。

3、作(zuo)業(ye)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di) 作(zuo)業(ye)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)是(shi)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)正常(chang)作(zuo)業(ye)而供給的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。這個(ge)基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般設(she)(she)定為(wei)零。該(gai)基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)能夠(gou)設(she)(she)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)體系中的(de)(de)某(mou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)點、某(mou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)段或某(mou)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)塊等(deng)。當該(gai)基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)與(yu)大(da)地(di)(di)(di)銜接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)時，視為(wei)相(xiang)對的(de)(de)零電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)。但(dan)這種相(xiang)對的(de)(de)零電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是(shi)不(bu)安(an)穩(wen)的(de)(de)，它會(hui)跟著(zhu)外界電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)場(chang)的(de)(de)改(gai)變(bian)而改(gai)變(bian)，使(shi)體系的(de)(de)參數發(fa)生(sheng)改(gai)變(bian)，然后導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)體系作(zuo)業(ye)不(bu)安(an)穩(wen)。當該(gai)基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)與(yu)大(da)地(di)(di)(di)銜接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)時，基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)視為(wei)大(da)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)零電(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，而不(bu)會(hui)跟著(zhu)外界電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)場(chang)的(de)(de)改(gai)變(bian)而改(gai)變(bian)。可是(shi)不(bu)合(he)(he)理的(de)(de)作(zuo)業(ye)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)反而會(hui)添(tian)加電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)攪(jiao)擾(rao)。比(bi)方接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)址(zhi)不(bu)正確引起的(de)(de)攪(jiao)擾(rao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)子設(she)(she)備的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)端沒有(you)正確銜接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)而發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)(de)攪(jiao)擾(rao)。為(wei)了有(you)用(yong)控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)在作(zuo)業(ye)中發(fa)生(sheng)各(ge)種攪(jiao)擾(rao)，使(shi)之能契合(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)兼容準(zhun)則。咱們(men)在規劃(hua)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)時，依據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)性質，能夠(gou)將作(zuo)業(ye)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)分以下為(wei)不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)品種，比(bi)方直流地(di)(di)(di)、溝(gou)通(tong)地(di)(di)(di)、數字(zi)地(di)(di)(di)、模仿(fang)地(di)(di)(di)、信號地(di)(di)(di)、功率地(di)(di)(di)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)源地(di)(di)(di)等(deng)。不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)(di)(di)應(ying)當別離設(she)(she)置。不(bu)要在一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)里邊將它們(men)混(hun)合(he)(he)設(she)(she)在一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)同(tong)，例(li)如(ru)數字(zi)地(di)(di)(di)和模仿(fang)地(di)(di)(di)就不(bu)能共一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)根地(di)(di)(di)線，不(bu)然兩(liang)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)將發(fa)生(sheng)十分強壯的(de)(de)攪(jiao)擾(rao)，使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)墮入癱瘓！

4、信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)地(di)(di)(di)   信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)地(di)(di)(di)是各(ge)種物理量(liang)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)源零電(dian)位的(de)公共基準地(di)(di)(di)線。因(yin)為信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)一般都較弱，易受(shou)攪(jiao)(jiao)擾，不合理得接地(di)(di)(di)會使電(dian)路(lu)發(fa)生攪(jiao)(jiao)擾，因(yin)而對信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)地(di)(di)(di)的(de)要求較高。

5、模(mo)仿(fang)(fang)(fang)地 模(mo)仿(fang)(fang)(fang)地是模(mo)仿(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)零電(dian)位的(de)公(gong)共基準地線。模(mo)仿(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中有小信號擴大電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，多級(ji)擴大，整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)流電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)，穩壓(ya)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)等(deng)等(deng)，不(bu)適當的(de)接地會引起攪擾，影響電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)正常(chang)作業(ye)。模(mo)仿(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中的(de)接地對整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)來說有很(hen)大的(de)含義，它是整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)正常(chang)作業(ye)的(de)根底之一。所以(yi)模(mo)仿(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)中合理的(de)接地對整(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)個電(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)的(de)作用不(bu)行忽(hu)視。

6、數(shu)字地(di)(di) 數(shu)字地(di)(di)是數(shu)字電(dian)(dian)路(lu)零(ling)電(dian)(dian)位(wei)的(de)公共基準(zhun)地(di)(di)線(xian)。因為數(shu)字電(dian)(dian)路(lu)作業在脈(mo)(mo)沖狀(zhuang)況，特別(bie)是脈(mo)(mo)沖的(de)前后(hou)沿(yan)較(jiao)陡或頻率(lv)較(jiao)高時，會發生(sheng)很多(duo)的(de)電(dian)(dian)磁波攪擾電(dian)(dian)路(lu)。假如(ru)接(jie)地(di)(di)不合理，會使攪擾加重，所以對(dui)數(shu)字地(di)(di)的(de)接(jie)地(di)(di)址挑選(xuan)和接(jie)地(di)(di)線(xian)的(de)敷設(she)也要充分考慮。

7、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)地(di)(di) 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)地(di)(di)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)零電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位的公共基準地(di)(di)線(xian)。因為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)往(wang)往(wang)一(yi)起供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)給體系中(zhong)的各個單元，而各個單元要求的供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)性(xing)質和(he)參數可(ke)能(neng)有很大不(bu)同，因而既要確保電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)安穩牢靠的作業(ye)，又要確保其它單元安穩牢靠的作業(ye)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)地(di)(di)一(yi)般是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的負(fu)極。

8、功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)地(di)(di) 功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)地(di)(di)是負載電(dian)(dian)路(lu)或功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)零電(dian)(dian)位的(de)公共基準地(di)(di)線。因為負載電(dian)(dian)路(lu)或功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)電(dian)(dian)流較(jiao)強、電(dian)(dian)壓較(jiao)高，假(jia)如接地(di)(di)的(de)地(di)(di)線電(dian)(dian)阻較(jiao)大(da)，會發(fa)生明顯(xian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓降而發(fa)生較(jiao)大(da)的(de)攪擾，所(suo)以(yi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)地(di)(di)線上的(de)攪擾較(jiao)大(da)。因而功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)地(di)(di)有必要(yao)與其它弱電(dian)(dian)地(di)(di)別(bie)離設置，以(yi)確保(bao)整個體系安穩牢靠的(de)作業。　　　　　

屏(ping)(ping)(ping)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)與接地應(ying)當(dang)合作(zuo)運(yun)用，才干(gan)起(qi)到(dao)杰出的屏(ping)(ping)(ping)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)作(zuo)用。首要是(shi)為了考慮(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁兼(jian)容(rong)，典型的兩種屏(ping)(ping)(ping)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)是(shi)靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)與交變電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)。 靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)屏(ping)(ping)(ping)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)：當(dang)用完(wan)好的金屬屏(ping)(ping)(ping)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)體將帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)體包圍起(qi)來，在屏(ping)(ping)(ping)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)體的內(nei)側將感應(ying)出與帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)體等(deng)量異種的電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，外(wai)側呈現與帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)體等(deng)量的同(tong)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)，因而外(wai)側仍有電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)存在。假如將金屬屏(ping)(ping)(ping)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)體接地，外(wai)側的電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷(he)將流入大地，金屬殼外(wai)側將不(bu)會(hui)存在電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)，相當(dang)于殼內(nei)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)體的電(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)被屏(ping)(ping)(ping)蔽(bi)(bi)(bi)(bi)起(qi)來了。